What is the price of replacing the batteries in electric cars?

replacing ev batteries, cost of replacing ev battery

Any queries readers may have regarding battery electric vehicles, charging, or other topics are welcome. So kindly post them, and we'll have our subject-matter experts address them and ask others to weigh in in the comments area.

I have a question about the price of replacing a battery in a BEV that is available in Australia. Has the manufacturer provided information on how long the battery will last before needing to be replaced?

Before purchasing a BEV, many consumers are concerned about this important issue. Andrew, with all due respect.

Hello Andrew Yes, the cost and timing of EV battery replacement are key considerations, but possibly not to the extent that the general public believes.

I will first separate the question into two sections. How likely is it that the battery will need to be changed at some point while the car is being used? What would a potential battery replacement cost? Will the battery require replacement at some point while the car is in operation? Two issues must be looked at in order to respond to this query: When is a battery "fit for purpose" again? How long is the car's lifespan, too?

First, a sizable portion of producers guarantee their batteries will still have at least 70% of their original capacity after 8 years. This translates to a minimum range of 315–350 km at the age of 8 years for a Hyundai Kona with a city range of 450–500 km. For many people, if not the majority, this entails working out possibly twice weekly rather than once. The same goes for long distance travel; you might need to make a few extra stops to rest, like on your journey from Sydney to Brisbane.

It's crucial to realise that the battery won't "die" after 8 years; instead, its available range will decrease. Remember that the loss is more severe the smaller the battery.

For example, the early Nissan Leaf had a real range of only 120 km. This means that during the 8-year warranty period, it can drop to 84 km and not be replaced under warranty. By now, the oldest Leafs here are 11 years old, and at this rate of decline, their range could have dropped to 70 km. (Even lower in winter when using the heating/air conditioning system). If you use it for more than just getting to your local retailers, it's probably time to replace! However, even while many early (2011–2014) Leaf models did degrade at this (or a worse) rate, it appears that contemporary EV batteries (with improved battery chemistry and thermal management systems) are not degrading as quickly. As a result, this projection represents the worst case scenario.Actually, according to the analysis, the vast majority of batteries will survive longer than the lifespan of the vehicle if observed rates of degradation persist. Given that this was an average that includes many early EVs, utilising their web tool to highlight certain models reveals that many later models show deterioration rates that are substantially lower than the average.For those purchasing current model EVs with larger batteries, it is anticipated that a battery replacement will be required after 10 years or more. This brings us to the conclusion of portion (a). This electric vehicle also has an eight-year guarantee period (if ever) before a new battery is actually required, so it can be used as a second vehicle for short excursions until the old ICE vehicle finally becomes obsolete or as the children grow older, etc.

How long does an automobile have a "life"? So when does an electric vehicle's interior, suspension, steering, and electronics become worn to the point where it indicates the vehicle has reached the end of its useful life? 20 years seems like a reasonable guess, and that's the number I recently heard to explain why we should set 2030 as the last date for the ban on sales of new ICE vehicles if we hope to achieve zero emissions by 2050. The average age of the Australian car fleet is 10.6 years (2020-2021 Australian Bureau of Statistics). As a result, it is appropriate to respond to the question above by saying that an electric car may never require a battery replacement; alternatively, no more than one battery replacement per lifetime will be required and if replacement is required.

What would a potential battery replacement cost? Early on, there were numerous horror stories of the Nissan Leaf's battery draining quickly and costing upwards of $30,000 to replace it. These anxieties proved to be unnecessary in the end. Throughout the 8-year guarantee period, batteries that degraded more quickly than they ought to have were replaced at no cost. Thankfully, the price of a dealer-installed replacement battery has decreased to roughly $10,000 for a 24kWh battery since the 8-year guarantee has run out. Additionally, it was discovered that many of these systems had only a few problematic components and the remainder were in working order when the failed battery packs were sent back to the factory.In Japan, refurbished packages for the ZE0 or AZEO Leaf sell for around US$2,900 (around AU$4,000).Also, as these cars fall off the road in accidents, a ready stock of used batteries is available to private businesses to experiment with. As a result, some have begun offering aftermarket replacement (in some cases upgraded) batteries*. Meanwhile, the bulk of the cost of BEVs - the battery - has fallen in price about as rapidly as solar panel prices in the early 2000s. In 2010, electric vehicle battery prices rose by about US$1,100/kWh but have now fallen to US$137/kWh. (See Chart 1. Note the US dollar amounts used). The key point for BEV and ICE price parity is predicted to be $100/kWh, with 2024 being the likely date to start.

It appears that when the present generation of electric vehicles may require new batteries, the price will be roughly 4000 USD if the cost per kilowatt-hour is already $137 and BNEF expects it will reach $58 per kilowatt-hour by 2030. A 64 kWh Kona battery costs (AU$5,400). When applied to the original sheet, this will mirror the pricing and drop depicted in Chart 1. Returning to the response to part (a) of this question, it is doubtful that this battery will need to be replaced in such a circumstance. In fact, this might be plenty for the duration of the car. For instance, Tesla recommends a "million mile battery" (one that lasts a million miles, which is 1.6 million kilometers)Batteries for electric vehicles don't need to be replaced every 8 to 10 years; by 2030, the cost of a new Kona battery is projected to be under $10,000 and perhaps even below $5,400. (with prices for remanufactured batteries again significantly lower) A lifetime of car servicing may mean that an EV battery never needs to be changed. I hope this clarifies your query. Andrew? *I'm currently working on an article about iMiEV and ZE0/AZEO Leaf battery replacement possibilities in Australia. I hope this clarifies your query. Andrew? *I'm currently working on an article about iMiEV and ZE0/AZEO Leaf battery replacement possibilities in Australia. I hope this clarifies your query. Andrew? Notes: I'm now working on a piece about possibilities for Australian batteries.

Someone is who in the industry that produces the batteries, what are electric car batteries made of ?

Electric car production has long since stopped being exceptional. Sales and production of this kind of car are increasing year after year due to the pressure the European Union is giving manufacturers to electrify their fleets and its explosion in Asia. But who supplies these vehicles' batteries?

Various stories about Tesla developing its network of gigafactories or Volkswagen establishing a facility in Sagunto specifically for this reason have surfaced in recent months. Mercedes intends to construct them independently, cutting away middlemen. However, the vast majority of the batteries in electric vehicles have the logos of the firms listed below and are located underneath the seats.

Who is who in the battery industry

Asia is the only place to consider when discussing battery production. For a nascent market, the eastern countries have become experts in producing this kind of component. Consider the fact that China is the biggest consumer and manufacturer of electric automobiles.

Asian companies are also producing batteries alongside novel structural systems like chassis-integrated batteries or battery exchanges, like the project that NIO is currently testing in actual usage.

However, a report by SNE Research compiles the top corporations globally, month by month, in terms of battery manufacturing.

CATL

The world's largest supplier and manufacturer of batteries for electric vehicles is the Chinese firm CATL. Its components are present in electric vehicles made by Tesla, BMW, or Volkswagen. Of course, there are other Chinese brands, such with the Aiways U5.

CATL has been a corporation sponsored by the Chinese Government, which has always kept its capital in the nation and has kept it afloat until its explosion, aware of the importance in the supply of batteries for electric cars. It now manufactures the most of these parts, between 8 and 10 GWh of batteries each month, making it the leading producer of these components. At the moment, its competitors can only produce 4 GWh.

All of this has made it possible for it to rank among the 100 most important businesses for Time magazine in 2022. Their brand-new sodium ion batteries are the cause. These parts can be produced using sea water and solve one of the major issues with battery manufacturing, which is a huge need for fresh water.

Energy Solutions by LG

The LG battery division is a few bodies behind. In monthly reports, LG and BYD are typically listed as the world's second-largest battery manufacturers. Their output typically ranges from 3 to 4 GWh per month.

The name LG Energy Solutions was previously LG Chem until September 2020. Following the acquisition of the current name, the South Korean company expanded its operations by providing services associated with battery production, such as residential energy storage facilities. In terms of electric vehicles, LG instals its components in the Chinese-made Tesla Model 3 and Renault ZOE, and it has been a key partner of European companies as they embraced this technology. Some vehicles with South Korean modules include the Mercedes EQC, Audi e-tron, and Jaguar i-Pace.

BYD

As we previously mentioned, BYD is another brand that frequently ranks high in the production of batteries. In our nation, this Chinese corporation is well-known for providing buses to cities like Madrid.

BYD produces batteries not just for electric automobiles, like LG does. They are also interested in larger-scale installations like industrial ones, as well as buses, vehicles, and electric bikes. Despite these commercial sectors, it is notable for the production of electric vehicles, with more than 100,000 units sold in total between hybrid and electric vehicles.

Panasonic

Fights with LG and BYD, two reputable companies in our nation. Another major battery manufacturer, Panasonic, produces roughly 3 GWh of batteries per month. It is also the sole Japanese company to make the list of the top 10 manufacturers of this particular component.

In this instance, one of the businesses that has been most closely associated with Panasonic's future is Tesla. In fact, cars with the new batteries mounted must be delivered this year. A recent investment of 4,900 million euros in new mobility, of which 3,200 million are specifically allocated to the development of these components, demonstrates the dedication to this kind of product.

Sk On

Sk On is located close to the 2 GWh produced monthly threshold. Like LG, Sk On is a business that was established from Sk Innovation and is solely focused on producing batteries.

According to Electrive, the company now has three plants in China with a combined capacity of 27 GWh per year, so its output should be near to its maximum. Additionally, it has already been proposed to build a new facility, which would be the biggest of them all and would cost 2,200 million euros.

Ford is one of Sk On's most significant business partners going forward. The US company has planned an investment of $11.4 billion for the building of two factories in partnership with the battery industry. necessary to advance your Ford Model e approach.

CALB

CALB is another manufacturer that is expanding rapidly. The company has already surpassed the 1 GWh production threshold for batteries, and its expansion has aided Chinese enterprises in this industry in their push into South Korea.

Two additional factories in China are included in the expansion plans for this growth. When the new facilities are operating at full capacity, it is anticipated that they will be able to produce 50 GWh more each.

Guoxuan

Guoxuan is one of the Chinese businesses that has caught the attention of the West. To ensure the production of these parts for the cars that the Germans sell in the Asian nation, this battery manufacturer sold Volkswagen 20% of its shares in 2020.

However, they also unveiled new batteries featuring LFP (lithium iron phosphate) cells last year, which would achieve a record energy density of 212 Wh/kg. This technology, which is already included in the Tesla Model 3 that has just arrived from China, appears to have been made in the US.

The Abundant Treasure of Lithium Battery Raw Materials in Indonesia

The battery is one of the factors that contribute to electric cars' high cost. Lithium battery manufacturing requires specialised raw ingredients that are not easily and randomly available. Batteries for electric vehicles must be made from raw materials that must first be mined and processed thoroughly.

The majority of electric vehicles sold today, including cars and motorcycles, run on lithium batteries. This battery serves as a power source for electric vehicles. The battery in a car with an internal combustion engine is not the same as this lithium battery.

Electric vehicle batteries are more advanced and potent than conventional car batteries. However, the cost is equally substantial, ranging from 10% to 50% of the car's overall cost. There are plenty of raw materials for lithium batteries in Indonesia itself.

Battery Raw Materials for Electric Vehicles 

Several basic minerals, including cobalt and nickel, are utilised to make the batteries used in electric vehicles. The development of electric vehicles is expected to be aided by Indonesia, which is thought to have significant nickel reserves.

One mining product that falls within the high-value metal category is nickel. The remains of plants or other living creatures that have been submerged in the earth for millions of years are used to make nickel. Rust resistance, malleability, and toughness characterise this silvery metal.

The largest producer of nickel ore worldwide is reputed to be Indonesia. Indonesia contributed 800,000 tonnes of the 2,668,000 tonnes of nickel produced globally in 2019. Indonesia is the nation that produces the most nickel, according to this figure.

Additionally, nickel is a component of lithium batteries used in cell phones and other electrical devices. Because lithium batteries can be recharged, they are environmentally beneficial items.

In Indonesia, there are a number of large nickel producers. Records show that the Indonesia Morowali Industrial Park is in charge of the greatest local nickel product (IMIP). According to information from the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources for 2020, the corporation has up to 50% of the downstream nickel production under its control.

Benefits of Lithium Battery Types

Several different battery types, including Nickel-Metal Hybrid, Sealed Lead Acid (SLA), and Ultracapacitor, can be utilised in electric vehicles. However, lithium batteries are used by the majority of electric vehicle producers.

The fact that lithium batteries have a favourable weight to energy ratio is one of the benefits of employing them. Each vehicle's component's weight has an impact on how well it performs. Lithium batteries enable manufacturers to utilise fewer battery cells than other battery kinds to store the same amount of energy (kWh).

Electric vehicle producers can prevent their production automobiles from being overweight thanks to these benefits of the battery. The fact that this battery has a reasonably low self-discharge level is another benefit of employing it. This indicates that the battery is not losing charge quickly.

There are various different categories for lithium batteries. There are currently 6 distinct types, including the following:

Lithium Ion Phosphate, or LFP

NCA is short for lithium nickel cobalt aluminium oxide.

NMC stands for lithium manganese cobalt oxide.

Lithium titanate, or LTO

LMO stands for lithium manganese oxide.

Oxide of lithium and cobalt

The NCA lithium battery is regarded as having the best qualities or specs. NCA batteries are used in Tesla's electric automobiles. Compared to other raw materials, nickel raw materials are the most commonly used in the production of NCA batteries.

However, due to the country's weather-sensitive climate, many experts claim that LFP lithium batteries are better suited for usage in electric vehicle applications in Indonesia.

That information relates to the basic components used to make batteries for electric cars. The basic ingredients needed to make electric batteries are widely available in Indonesia. Of course, this is excellent news for Indonesia's electric vehicle market.

Follow the most recent national and international news on VOI. You give the most recent and up-to-date information both domestically and abroad.

What are electric car batteries made of?

 What are electric car batteries made of?

Are electric car rentals something you're interested in? It's crucial to understand how this kind of vehicle operates and the components of electric car batteries, one of their most crucial components, if you wish to operate one.

Our intention is for you to learn about the kind of rental automobile you want before you sign your contract. For those who enjoy all things electric, we have previously covered themes like:

What are the more autonomous electric vehicles?

The least expensive electric vehicles

On this occasion, we'll discuss the advancement of battery components, one of the parts that makes operating electric vehicles make sense and that is always  important to keep it in good condition.

Go for it!

What purpose does an electric car's battery serve?

We'll discuss the purpose of this component before revealing the materials used to make an electric car's batteries.

As we already established, an electric car's battery is essential to its operation since it converts the energy generated during charging into chemical energy.

Batteries are made up of cells that are connected to each other and that work together to give the engine the energy the vehicle needs to circulate.

Depending on what the components of this part are , we can determine some important aspects of the vehicle such as:

The autonomy of the car.

The loading speed.

The weight and the design.

The price.

Battery types

The constant demands by users when purchasing an electric vehicle that meets their expectations and meets their needs, has led to different types of batteries that differ from each other in their composition materials.

Not all electric cars are the same and one of the factors that make the difference is the battery.

Next, we will analyze what the batteries of electric cars that exist on the market are made of.

Lithium batteries

They are the most widely used today as they offer users excellent weight, performance and lifespan characteristics.

One of its great advantages is that they do not have the dreaded memory effect , so vehicles with this type of battery allow a greater number of recharges without losing capacity.

Lead-acid

They are usually found in older models and have been clearly displaced by lithium batteries, thanks to the advantages that the latter offer. Its operation is based on the reaction of the lead plates with sulfuric acid.

Although it is true that lead-acid batteries require a lower initial investment , their maintenance is more complex, therefore, you will have to change it much faster.

One of the main problems that these types of batteries offer is that the charge is much slower than lithium batteries . For example, recharging this type of battery lasts 8 hours while lithium batteries will have a full charge in 1 hour.

They are usually very heavy, since energy efficiency is much lower than in the case of lithium batteries, which, with less space, manage to store less energy.

Nickel cadmium

They are hardly used anymore, since they are very expensive and have a memory effect, that is, the more times you charge the battery, the less capacity they have.

Lithium battery materials

As you have seen, they are the most used, below we will tell you which are their components of the positive pole or cathode that are the ones that make the price of electric cars more expensive.

Nickel: in recent years the use of this material has managed to reduce the use of cobalt.

Manganese: This material is used in the latest generation cars. It helps to take care of the battery and measure its potential when it is fully charged.

Cobalt: It is a rare and expensive material, which is why electric cars have a higher price . In this sense, it is being studied to reduce its percentage in the composition and, in this way, reduce the materials that make up this piece and, in the future, the costs can be lowered.

It is important to note that all these materials are recyclable. In fact, today between 55% and 77% of battery materials can be recovered after their useful life.

The ideal way to reduce costs is for these percentages to increase more and more and, in this way, be able to reduce the cost of batteries, one of the parts that most influence the price of an electric car.

Do you want to bet on an electric? The best thing is that you choose it in your next rental so you can see for yourself what the cars of the future will be like. If you need us to advise you, do not hesitate to contact us .

Batteries for electric vehicles and their characteristics, electric car batteries made of

Types of Electric Car BatteriesVarious Electric Car Battery Types

Batteries, also referred to as "accumulators," are one of the most crucial parts of an electric vehicle's system. The battery is the only "life" in a BEV vehicle. This is so that a BEV automobile can only be driven using electrical energy that is stored in the battery. no additional sources The kind of battery or batteries and their properties in an electric car also depend on the system of the vehicle. The lithium-ion battery is the most widely used type. ZEBRA is the acronym for batteries, which are thought to have zero emissions. NiMH batteries are the best kind of batteries for a hybrid vehicle. In addition to providing a quick explanation of the battery management system, this article will briefly describe the many types of battery technology for electric cars and their characteristics. (BMS).

Electric car batteries

Batteries for electric vehicles differ from SLI batteries ( starting , lightning and ignition ). SLI batteries are typically fitted in gasoline or diesel vehicles. This kind of battery for electric automobiles is made to be an energy storage device that can sustainably and over an extended length of time deliver electricity.

The following five electric vehicle batteries will be covered in this article:

Lead Acid (SLA), 

Nickel-Metal Hybrid (NiMH)

Lithium-Ion (Li-On) Ultracapacitor ZEBRA (Zero Emissions Batteries Research Activity)

The four batteries used in the first electric car were compared using the following characteristics:

Battery Types: Lithium-Ion (Li-On)

The Li-On battery is the most popular kind of battery for electric vehicles. We may be familiar with this battery because it is found in numerous pieces of portable technology, like laptops and cell phones. The fundamental distinction is one of scale. In electric vehicles, this physical capacity and size is significantly larger and is frequently referred to as a traction battery pack.

The power to weight ratio of lithium-ion batteries is extremely high. High energy efficiency is a feature of this kind of electric car battery. High temperature performance is also good. These batteries offer a higher energy-to-weight ratio, which is a crucial quality for batteries used in electric vehicles. The car can travel further on a given charge with a lighter battery (with the same kWH capacity).

These batteries are the greatest at maintaining their capacity to hold a full charge because they also have a low self-discharge rate.

For those who care about the environment and enjoy driving electric cars, Li-on batteries are an excellent option because the majority of their parts can be recycled. The most lithium batteries are used in BEV and PHEV vehicles.

Types of Li-on batteries

Iron Phosphate of Lithium (LiFePO4) — 

Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide, abbreviated LFP (LiNiCoAlO2) — NCA

Oxide of Lithium Nickel Manganese and

Cobalt (LiNiMnCoO2) — 

Lithium titanate NMC (Li2TiO3) 

Lithium Manganese Oxide (LTO) (LiMn2O4) — 

Lithium Cobalt Oxide (LMO) (LiCoO2) LCO Li-ion battery specifications Parameters for lithium-ion batteries

Battery Type: Nickel-Metal Hybrid (NiMH)

Although they have been employed effectively in some BEV vehicles, NiMH batteries are primarily used in hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) vehicles. This particular hybrid electric vehicle battery does not receive external electricity (can be recharged from an outside source of the car system). The type of hybrid electric vehicle's battery recharge relies on the vehicle's wheels, engine speed, and regenerative braking.

Compared to SLA or lithium-ion batteries, NiMH batteries have a longer lifespan. NiMH batteries are secure and can withstand misuse. The main downsides of NiMH batteries are as follows:

The cost is comparatively higher.

high rate of self-discharge

produces a lot of heat when the temperature is high.

Due to these drawbacks, NiMH is less useful as a battery for electric vehicles whose batteries need to be recharged outside of the system, such as from the PLN network. Because of this, hybrid vehicles mostly utilise the types of batteries utilised in electric vehicles.

NiMH battery specifications and types of batteries for electric vehicles

Lithium-Ion Batteries (SLA)

The oldest rechargeable battery is the SLA (lead-acid) battery. Lead-acid batteries are more expensive and less safe than lithium and NiMH batteries, although they have a lower capacity and weigh more. Although a large-capacity SLA-type electric car battery is being developed, SLA batteries are now only employed as a secondary storage system by commercial cars.

Lead-acid battery specifications: SLA specifications 

Battery with Ultracapacitors

Ultracapacitor Battery Ultracapacitor batteries are not what most people think of when they think of batteries. This kind of ultracapacitor electric car battery really stores polarised liquid between the electrode and electrolyte, unlike other electrochemical batteries. The liquid's ability to store energy rises along with its surface area. Ultracapacitor batteries, like SLA batteries, are ideally suited as supplementary storage components in electric cars. This is so that the electrochemical battery's load level can be increased thanks to the ultracapacitor. Ultracapacitors can also give electric cars an extra boost of power during acceleration and regenerative braking.

ZEBRA Battery - electric car ZEBRA battery types -

The ZEBRA electric vehicle's battery was developed from the ZEBRA (formerly "Zeolite Battery Research Africa" before changing to the "Zero Emissions Batteries Research Activity") battery in 1985. It is a low-temperature variation of the sodium-sulfur (NaS) battery. ZEBRA batteries have been created for use in electric vehicle applications ever since they were first created. NaAlCl4 is used in the battery along with a ceramic Na + - beta alumina electrolyte.

Features of ZEBRA batteries

It is suitable as a sort of electric car battery because of its high power cell.

over 270°C, high temperature batteries are operational.

A nominal operating cell voltage of 2.58 Volts is provided by the chemical sodium nickel chloride (NaNiCl).

Positive aspects of ZEBRA batteries

high density of energy (5 times higher than SLA battery)

It is feasible thanks to large cells (up to 500Ah).

> 1000 rounds of cycle life

tolerance for short circuits

safer than cells made of sodium sulphur

The typical cell failure results in a short circuit but does not result in a total battery failure.

Lack of ZEBRA batteries and cheap materials

Only suitable for batteries with a large capacity (> 20 KWh)

small selection of sizes and capacities

This battery is only made at one factory in the entire world.

increased internal resistance

sodium ion liquid electrode

high temperature at operation.

The battery must be preheated to reach its operational temperature of 270°C (up to 24 hours from cold)

When not in use, it uses 14% of its own capacity each day to keep the temperature constant.

Thermal control is necessary.

System for managing batteries

A technology system called a battery management system, sometimes known as a BMS, works to maximise the battery life and other features of electric vehicles. All battery-powered electric vehicles should be outfitted with a BMS, which is highly advised. The intention is to maintain the battery within its ideal operating range. A single instance of overuse, such as overcharging, over-discharging, or overheating, can permanently harm lithium and NiMH battery chemistries, but some battery chemistries (such as lead acid) are very forgiving of mistreatment. The installation of a BMS will have a significant positive impact on all types of batteries for electric vehicles.

The battery management system has a variety of unique features, some of which are:

Charge balancing, which makes sure all cells are fully charged at once and then guards against overcharging-related damage.

Active balancing is used to make sure that all cells reach their point of maximum discharge simultaneously by moving energy from the stronger to the weaker cells.

Monitoring the temperature is necessary to prevent harm from overheating.

Low-voltage cut-off, a technique for isolating the battery when any cell reaches the minimum advised voltage and to stop over-discharging from damaging it.

In electric cars, the state of charge (SOC) of each battery cell is being tracked. The capacity of each cell can be determined by measuring the voltage and current.

How much do batteries for electric cars cost? expert response

how much do electric car batteries cost

Battery packs may eventually need to be replaced since they may lose capacity over time and become less capable of charging to the same level as when they were new.

Electric vehicle batteries need to be recharged to replenish lost energy, just like the batteries in your smartphone, tablet, and laptop. The size of the battery has an impact on the battery's capacity, energy range, and density. A mileage rating is given to new electric vehicles, indicating how many miles they can cover on a single charge.

Batteries, however, can lose some of their inherent magic with time and may not be able to charge to the same level as when they were first purchased. With use, the battery's capacity may diminish, especially if the car is used frequently and isn't kept up properly.

The lithium-ion batteries in your electric car cannot be changed with a short trip to the electronics store, unlike the battery in your cell phone or laptop. You could feel shocked on your subsequent trip to the mechanic if your battery life declines.

Cost of an electric car battery

The good news is that most manufacturers offer lengthy warranties on your EV battery, often up to 10 years and up to 100,000 miles. For the owner of an electric vehicle, it is more enjoyable because they often cost less to maintain over time than a gasoline-powered vehicle.

The other good news is that automakers and battery producers are increasing the production of cars and batteries, which means that petrol and electric vehicles' prices will soon be equal. However, even with government tax credits and other concessions, we are all still required to pay extra for electric vehicles in the interim.

The cost of electric vehicle batteries

The average cost of replacing an EV battery is still significantly more than many anticipate, despite pricing trends in the correct direction. According to estimates from 2016, replacing a standard electric vehicle battery can cost up to $10,000 or more, which is comparable to the cost of replacing a gasoline engine in a conventional automobile.

Batteries for electric vehicles can be hard to find outside of a dealer, and because installing and calibrating batteries takes time, prices will likely stay high for a while. By the end of the decade, the cost per kilowatt-hour is anticipated to decline, but for individuals who require an electric vehicle battery right away, that may not be much comfort.

The cost is due to a number of factors. Since the batteries in electric vehicles are significantly bigger than those in conventional consumer goods, additional material must be discovered and contained. As EV sales soar, batteries are also in high demand.

Because they are made to be energy-efficient, batteries sometimes cost more. A typical electric car's lithium-ion batteries are made to operate over a long distance with little maintenance and unique charging options, like DC rapid charging. From car to vehicle, differences exist in battery power, installation costs, charging features, and range.

Solid State Batteries

Batteries in electric vehicles today are traditional lithium-ion packs, which means there is liquid inside. These batteries are heavy and don't have the density needed to deliver truly breakthrough ranges. Solid-state batteries promise to revolutionize EV batteries with a much more energy-dense battery that is lighter, more compact and safer.

Since there is no dangerous liquid inside, solid-state devices promise reduced fire risk and better power delivery. Many automakers are hard at work on this technology, but the price/value threshold has not yet been crossed. Solid-state battery models are difficult to develop and so expensive to manufacture that it will likely be years before the technology enters mainstream vehicles.

Costs of Charging Electric Vehicles: A Brief Overview

An electric car's running costs are in addition to the purchase price. Driving an electric automobile requires charging batteries, much like driving a gasoline-powered car requires stopping to refuel.

If you own a home and an electric vehicle, you could think about setting up a home charging station. It might only cost a few hundred dollars, but it might also cost a little more than the most advanced and dependable systems with related EV charging equipment. You probably don't need to spend as much money on home charging as you would assume.

What is the cost of charging an electric vehicle?

Cost of electricity

The Alternative Fuels Data Center uses the illustration of recharging a 66 kilowatt-hour (kWh) battery in an electric car. A car with a 321 km range would cost around $9 to charge if electricity were to cost $0.13 per kilowatt-hour.

Electricity prices vary from area to location and may alter slightly from this example, but it's a positive sign that refuelling an electric vehicle is less expensive than recharging one.

Electricity versus gas prices

Regular gasoline costs an average of $4.857 a gallon nationwide as of this writing. For instance, filling up the 12.4-gallon tank of a 2018 Honda Civic will run you about $60.23. Of course, the Honda has a top speed of 67 kilometres per hour, so under perfect circumstances, a full tank of gas will enable it to drive a considerable distance further than an electric vehicle.

The cost of refuelling an electric vehicle would still be more than the cost of charging one, even if the price of energy doubled. The price of gasoline varies occasionally, just as the charges for owning an electric vehicle.

Additional sources

Over time, it's likely that gas prices will continue to be significantly higher than those for electricity. Everyone is working on alternative energy sources, from the US Department of Energy to your local utility provider, in an effort to reduce recharge prices and, ideally, limit the rate of climate change over time.

How much does it ultimately cost to acquire an electric vehicle?

Maintenance of batteries

For people who are unfamiliar with space, the cost of maintaining and owning an electric automobile, in addition to the charging issue, is a major concern. Electric vehicles don't have hundreds of intricate mechanical moving parts as gas-powered cars have, so replacing typical repair parts like water pumps and air filters is not necessary. Due to regenerative braking, which slows the car down by using the electric engine as a generator, electric vehicles also have a tendency to chew through their brakes more slowly than their gasoline-powered equivalents.

On the other hand, some EV owners claim that the thrilling acceleration and immediate torque that an EV gives causes tyres to wear out more quickly.

Depreciation

EV owners should also consider durability and cushioning. Electric vehicles often cost more than their gasoline-powered equivalents, but they deteriorate in value more quickly over time. Over a five-year period, some electric cars lost up to 70% of their value.

The greatest strategy to lower depreciation costs is, of course, to store any vehicle for a long time.

How durable are electric vehicles?

Like any other electrical component, an electric car's battery eventually starts to malfunction. Batteries gradually start to lose capacity and are less able to hold a charge, which can greatly restrict the range. An automobile is only useful if it can travel the claimed distance, so

Like with any other car, automakers offer warranties on the batteries and electrical parts of electric vehicles. These warranties frequently last 10 years or at least 160,934 kilometres, which indicates that if the battery fails within that time frame, it can be repaired or replaced.

What advantages come with driving an electric vehicle?

Decreased upkeep

Although gas automobiles are frequently more affordable and convenient to fill up, owning an electric vehicle has a number of advantages that are unrelated to cost. The need for routine maintenance is lessened, which is one of the key advantages. There is no need for an oil change, there are no exhaust systems to malfunction, and the lifespan of other parts, such the brakes, can be increased. Due to the absence of engine noise, many individuals claim that driving an electric vehicle is more soothing than one powered by gasoline.

Greater efficiency

In comparison to gasoline-powered automobiles, several electric variants also provide notable performance improvements. This holds true for both high-performance automobiles and regular commuter cars. Depending on how you drive, electric vehicles can be fun to drive and travel faster than most people anticipate because to the rapid torque and acceleration.

What are the drawbacks of using electric cars?

Charging for usage

When you're attempting to buy a car and you're standing in the dealer's parking lot, there are a few drawbacks that might not be immediately apparent. You might or might not have access to charging stations depending on where you are. This is particularly true for those who rent or live in apartment complexes, as installing a home charging system might not be an option for them.

Charging of batteries

Even if a charging station is close by, you might discover that electric cars take too long to charge. When regaining a major amount of their range, most electric vehicles take significantly longer than it does for gas-powered vehicles, which can take several minutes. Because of this, many people find it impracticable to take road trips because having to stop and recharge for 30 minutes or longer can make a short trip into a tiresome one.

Purchase price

The cost of the purchase is the last consideration. No of the kind, size, or technology, electric vehicles are typically more expensive than comparable fuel vehicles.

How Much Do Electric Car Batteries Cost replace

 How Much Do Electric Car Batteries Cost?

Battery costs for electric vehicles The past three years have been very amazing to see as Indonesia's automobile industry has grown. The fact that many automakers have unveiled official electric vehicle lineups is the cause.

It is clear that this has an impact on reviving the neighbourhood. Undoubtedly, those with higher budgets may quickly and easily get an electric car.

Think back to a decade ago, when Indonesian roads were free of electric cars. It's also very easy to enjoy electric vehicles in Indonesia.

This was illustrated when the taxi company Bluebird decided to expand its fleet of cabs to include electric vehicles. Bluebird travels in an electric car made in China by BYD.

Of course, it is fantastic for Jakarta residents. Since everybody in Jakarta can easily enjoy an electric vehicle whenever they want during that time.

Even other cities have begun to publicly advocate the use of electric vehicles. The West Java government has bought a lot of Hyundai electric vehicles, even as official government vehicles.

This shows that the federal government has begun to embrace technology. Although it is obvious to us, the government occasionally takes pleasure in being "lazy" in implementing new technology.

The numerous sites that use electric vehicles are meant to persuade people to buy electric cars in order to reduce air pollution. The most frequent query is probably about the price.

There are two questions that are usually asked. How much are electric cars to begin with? The expense of this battery for an electric car is the second question.

These two questions are still frequently asked. Questions are sparked by curiosity. This suggests that people are either starting to exhibit interest in electric vehicles or are already utilising them.

Sales of electric vehicles are increasing. The battery chargers are outdated.

In comparison to the number of electric vehicles on American roads, the number of public battery chargers has increased more slowly.

According to a research on the state of the charging infrastructure by BloombergNEF analyst Ryan Fisher, there were 9.2 electric vehicles in use worldwide at the end of 2018, up from 7.4 at the end of 2020. publicly funded

Last year, 6.6 million plug-in vehicles were sold worldwide, a huge rise, while the expansion of the infrastructure for charging them followed more traditional trends. The total statistics, however, obscure a great number of small differences.

Since the number of electric vehicles has grown faster than the number of charging stations in the US, there are fewer public charging outlets for every electric vehicle on the road. There were 21.2 electric vehicles for every charger at the end of 2021, up from 19.7 in 2019.

Due to the substantial increase in EV sales that has occurred in Europe starting 2019, this effect is much more prominent there. By 2021, there will be twenty electric vehicles per public charging station in Germany, up from eight in 2019. Public charging facilities were maintained in China despite the country's record-breaking EV sales in 2018, and since then, the average number of EVs per charger has largely been constant at approximately 6 vehicles. This results from China's significant investment in  expanding its charging infrastructure, where more than half of all public charging stations are found.

Given that a larger percentage of its population lives in high-rise flats than the US or Germany, a country like China likely needs more public charging stations than those countries. Compared to an EV owner in a US suburb who does up to 90% of their charging at home, in their garage, residents of high-rise buildings are less likely to have access to a variety of charging options at home and will have to rely more on the public grid.

In the pertinent geographic areas, fast and ultra-quick chargers are equally accessible.

Due to a bigger percentage of residents living in high-rise buildings than in the US or Germany, China unquestionably needs additional public charging stations. High-rise residents are less likely to have access to charging choices at home and will need to rely more on the public grid than an EV owner in a US suburb who performs up to 90% of their charging at home, in his garage.

The situation is comparable in each region with regard to fast and ultra-speed chargers.

It is simple to rely on widely held beliefs regarding the requirement of extra charging infrastructure while analysing the data. That is accurate, especially in light of the increase in EV production over the next few years.

The fact that there are more electric vehicles on the road than there are charging stations isn't always a bad thing either. It is necessary to improve a station's operating economics in order to encourage more private investment in charging infrastructure. To do this, higher charger utilisation is necessary.

There are a lot of vacant stations. According to a BloombergNEF investigation, the majority of fast chargers require eight to ten charges daily before the inverter begins to generate a reasonable return. Costs, upload rates, site fees, pricing guidelines, financial assistance from the government, and other factors all affect the exact sum.

Fast charging businesses aim to offer more charging sessions per day, thus a careful balance needs to be struck. However, a driver could have to wait if a charging station is already full as a result of too many sessions. The consumer experience suffers as a result.

Operators desire maximum utilisation, but not at the expense of aggrieved customers.

In this sense, Tesla's Supercharger stations are unique. At Supercharger stations, ten ultra-fast charging outlets are typically available, compared to two to four on competitor networks. Because of this, Tesla customers favour it.

The right way to do something will never be simple, and thus might not be scalable internationally. According to BloombergNEF, the average number of electric vehicles per public charging station is predicted to stabilise between 30 and 40 over time. It effectively captures the most developed electric vehicle market in the world, which is located in Norway.

Depending on the sorts of homes in the area, the calibre of the electrical network, the charging speed that is ultimately attained, and governmental policy, some markets will be higher or lower. Right now, a growing number of 350-kilowatt stations can easily extend an electric vehicle's range by 100 kilometres.

Over the next few years, there will probably be more charging stations than electric automobiles globally. It is anticipated that each nation would eventually have a unique arrangement of charging at home, in public, and at work in addition to various power levels.

What happen to electric car batteries

The materials for the battery of your future electric car will be extracted from the bottom of the ocean

Underwater mining is called to play a leading role in the process of massification of the electric vehicle. The companies are striving to position themselves in a key industry for the development of the electric car. At the bottom of the ocean there are significant amounts of raw materials necessary for the manufacture of batteries for electric cars.

Mining companies are going to great lengths to obtain the raw materials needed for electric vehicle batteries , even from miles below the ocean surface. The behemoths of the mining industry are racing to tap into these deep sea reserves, striking deals, developing mining processes and equipment, and just as importantly striving to be green.

Meanwhile, environmental groups want to slow the rush by mining companies until more information is available about the impact on this largely untouched area. Several automakers have joined a moratorium on sourcing metals from underwater mining.

The treasure hidden in the depths of the oceans

Vast fields of rocks containing high concentrations of nickel, cobalt, copper, and manganese cover what are known as abyssal plains . All of them are raw materials necessary for the manufacture of batteries for electric cars. Some essential resources to materialize the process of change to the electric vehicle that the automotive industries of Europe and the United States have initiated.

According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the area constitutes 70% of the ocean floor and is found at depths of more than 3 kilometers. It is the largest habitat on Earth.

Pebble- or potato-sized rocks lining the seafloor, called polymetallic nodules, contain much more nickel and cobalt than terrestrial reserves. Land mining of these materials is hampered by dependence on China, environmental impact and the use of slave labor in Africa.

There are 274 million metric tons of nickel within a 2.7 million square kilometer area of ​​the Pacific Ocean known as the Clarion-Clipperton Zone (between Mexico and Hawaii), according to a Nature report published in 2020. A figure that contrasts with the 95 million metric tons of existing known land reserves . It also highlights that there are 44 million metric tons of cobalt on the seabed compared to 7.5 million on land.

New technologies to obtain raw materials from the seabed

The acceleration of the transition process to the electric vehicle has triggered a fever for the so-called "underwater gold". Mining companies are developing technologies like tractor-sized vacuum cleaners and autonomous robots to collect the polymetallic nodules.

Obtaining tons of rocks at a depth of 3 or more km below the surface of the sea may seem like a complex and expensive process, but the truth is that much of the technology is already developed thanks to the companies that operate the oil platforms that exist in the world. high seas.

Underwater mining has not yet been developed on a large scale. An expected benefit is that the process includes loading ore mined from the seabed onto ships. This will save steps in the supply chain. Cobalt, for example, is mined in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and subsequently shipped to South Africa, where it is shipped to China on ships for further processing. The cobalt, once treated, is sent to battery factories.

The ecological impact of underwater mining

BMW, Volkswagen, Volvo, Google and Samsung have signed a moratorium and have promised not to obtain minerals from the seabed until the ecological impact is clarified . Major environmental organizations like Greenpeace also advocate waiting. However, there are certain entities and countries that are supporting this practice. The Cook Islands Seabed Minerals Authority has awarded three exploration permits to mineral companies this year. The island nation of Nauru also plans to request permits from the international authority with the aim of exploiting these resources from 2023.

Proponents of underwater mining argue that it is less problematic given the location of the resources on land and its associated environmental, geopolitical and labor problems. Experts point out that any type of seabed mining ultimately eliminates both species and habitat.

Different investigations are currently being carried out with the aim of obtaining the necessary information to reach a clear conclusion about the effects of mining on marine habitats and species. General Motors, one of the colossi of the US automotive industry, does not rule out betting on underwater mining. However, he warns that an evaluation based on science and based on environmental footprint data will be carried out beforehand.

What happens to electric car batteries when they run out?, How long do electric car batteries last

What do we do with the batteries once their life is over?

What occurs to the batteries in electric cars when they run out? Despite the fact that electric car sales have not taken off in Spain as they should, the fact that they are being registered at an increasing rate means that this type of vehicle is gradually becoming more common. Our lungs may enjoy this, but the drama of pollution does not go away. And what happens to the electric car batteries after they have served their purpose?

Sales of electric cars

The markets are taking their time accepting electric cars as passenger vehicles, despite proposals from the administration, environmental organisations, and business. These non-polluting vehicles are only now becoming common in a few nations, including Norway, which led the world in registrations in the first half of the year with 56.2% of the total (43,976 units). With 14.4%, 11.3%, and 10.1% of all registered cars of this sort, respectively, consumers from Iceland, Sweden, and the Netherlands are likewise in the lead. These vehicles are still being used to a very limited extent elsewhere in the area. In Spain, where 8,958 passenger automobiles out of a total of 692,472 were registered between January and June, 1.3%, according to data from the Association of European Automobile Manufacturers.

The electric car has three major problems , which are what prevent its sales from skyrocketing. The manufacturers are working on these three situations, which makes their registrations grow little by little; Now, what will happen to the batteries of these electric vehicles when they run out?

And what happens to the electric car batteries when they run out?

Electric car batteries , most of them lithium, become a problem once their useful life is over. And it is that ending them can be a business opportunity, although there is still no clear protocol on what to do with them, and the process is expensive.

Electric car batteries are usually heavy, have a complex design and their construction process is based on stacked and rolled plates. And what to do with them once they are exhausted is a challenge for the industry. An example of this is China, where the electric car has been a reality for longer.

The ideal would be to try to recycle them, since even if they run out, they still have components that can be useful, so the ideal is to recover them to be able to use them again. The downside is that the process is not easy.

The battery recycling process

The electric car battery recycling process itself is complex. Two processes can currently be carried out. One, the cheapest, is to shred the battery that reaches the recycling plant. The downside is that few raw materials are recovered. The second is the painstaking disassembly of the battery, a more costly process in both time and money.

In addition, the battery has acids and different toxic substances that must be stored, since they cannot be recycled, so the industry also faces the creation of cemeteries for these substances. 

As our colleagues from Computer Hoy explain , to get a ton of lithium, 250 tons of this mineral are needed, or 750 tons of lithium-rich brine. If one ton of lithium is to be obtained from recycled batteries , it would take 250 car batteries to make them. 

What the law in the EU says about batteries

A piece of information: according to reports from El Diario , in the European Union, only 5% of lithium batteries are recycled . Most of it ends up stored in drawers, accumulated in landfills or incinerated. This entails two problems: one, for the environment, and two, it generates dependency on the supply.

According to current European laws, producers of electric vehicle batteries (considered industrial) must bear the costs of collection, management and recycling. But, as in China, Europe has not developed technical standards for recycling electric car batteries either.

How much does it cost to replace set of batteries in an electric car?, minning of electric car batteris

 Miners on the extraction of lithium for use in electric vehicle batteries: "There is no work plan."

how long do electric car batteries last, How much does it cost to replace set of batteries in an electric car?,  what happens to electric car batteries

The lack of a plan to utilise the resources of the Spanish land for electric automobiles, a sector that has been continuously expanding, was brought up by the mineral exploitation experts.

Since the manufacturing of electric vehicles started to increase, the mining of minerals like lithium and copper has become increasingly relevant on a global scale.

As a result, mining has emerged as a crucial link in the automotive industry's value chain and is where manufacturers have focused their attention lately.

"Absolutely not. The autonomies, which are responsible for developing mining policy, lack a work plan or a mandatory national strategy, according to Miguel Cabal, manager of Eurogeol and coordinator of the MMH Scientific Committee.

He says that while processing particular projects, this circumstance causes many uncertainties and anxieties for administrations.

According to Cabal's statement to Portal Movilidad Espaa, "There is no mechanism that permits the system to be shortened depending on the necessity. The bureaucratic method is the same for all mineral substances."

The following critical metals are listed as being required by the European Union: Antimony, Barite, Beryllium, Bismuth, Borate, Cobalt, Coking Coal, Fluorite, Gallium, Germanium, Hafnium, Helium, Indium, Magnesium, Natural Graphite, Natural Rubber, Niobium, Phosphorite, Phosphorus, Scandium, Metallic Silicon, Tantalum, Tungsten, Vanadium, Platinum Group Metal

Many of these materials are essential for the creation of electric vehicles as well as other forms of technological growth.

Andalusia's exploitation

Other chemicals, such copper, zinc, or lead, are also need in addition to these. Andalusia has already used some of the latter's resources, and more will be used in the future.

The manager of Eurogeol states, "There are no specific barriers (with the exception of energetic materials like uranium), but there is also no trigger lever."

The sector of Andalusia's economy most immediately impacted by the switch to electric vehicles at this time is the metal industry.

Fundamentally, because an electric car can hold up to four times as much copper as a conventional vehicle, the processes that extract and process copper ore are and will continue to be the most benefited.

"As technology advances, there is a growing demand for mineral raw resources. All products have chips and processors today, thus all types of metallic minerals must contribute, according to Cabal.

European encouragement

There are a number of measures at the European level to urge member countries to promote this type of extractive industry, despite the aforementioned "non-incentive" by the Spanish government.

The expert claims that "to this day, these are devoid of a real plan in the development of these projects."

And he asserts that it is essential for community plans to expand and grow in the region with precise measures and practical strategies that enable the valuation of these basic materials.

What minerals make up the majority of an electric vehicle battery?

The typical battery cell weighs about 185 kilogrammes and has a capacity of 60 kWh, making it comparable in size to the one used in a Chevy Bolt. Electrolyte, binder, separator, and battery case materials are not included in this calculation.

Minerals are used to create complicated components inside of cells that secure the movement of electrical current. Others guard against external accident damage.

The mineral mixture for batteries

The cathode, which may be the most significant and expensive part of the battery, comprises the widest range of minerals. Battery performance is influenced by the cathode's composition, with each mineral providing a special benefit.

For instance, NMC batteries feature a cathode made up of nickel, manganese, and cobalt in addition to lithium, and they accounted for 72% of the batteries used in electric vehicles in 2020 (excluding China).

As a result of these batteries' higher nickel content, which tends to boost their energy density—the amount of energy stored per unit volume—the range of the EV is extended. In NMC batteries, cobalt and manganese frequently serve as stabilisers, increasing battery security.

The average battery manufactured in 2020 contains 31.3% of its mineral weight in cathode materials. Aluminum, which is utilised in nickel-cobalt-aluminum (NCA) cathode chemistries and in other components of the battery like the casing and current collectors, is not included in this number.

Graphite has been used as an anode material of choice because of its availability, affordability, and extended lifespan. Graphite makes up the majority of the anode, the battery's main mineral component. Other components include the steel shell, which shields the cell from damage from the outside, and the copper utilised as the anode's current collector.

Chemically linked minerals

Different cathode mineral compositions are used in various lithium-ion battery types. Their names frequently make reference to the minerals they contain.

For instance:

NMC811 batteries' cathode composition is as follows:

82% nickel

Manganese, 10%

cobalt 10%

Cathode of batteries made with NMC523:

60% nickel

Manganese at 20%

Cobalt is 30%