Electric car recharging modes, types of electric car batteries

There are different recharging modes on the market and they have to do with the level of communication between the electric vehicle and the recharging infrastructure (and therefore the electrical network), the control that can be had of the charging process, it can be to program it , see the status, stop it, resume it, or even dump electricity to the network. In this article we are going to talk about the modes and types of recharging in the electric car market.

Mode 1: Schuko-type domestic socket without communications between the charging infrastructure and the electric vehicle. That is, it has no communication with the network. For this recharging mode, a conventional power outlet is used.

Mode 2: Schuko-type domestic socket on the wall, with pilot function systems included in the cable. The cable has an intermediate pilot control device that serves to verify the correct connection of the vehicle to the network. You have low network communication.

Mode 3: It has a high degree of communication with the network. The control and protection devices are located inside the charging point itself, and the cable includes an integrated communication pilot wire. For example, type 1 (SAE J1772), Type 2 (Mennekes, IEC 62196) connectors can be used.

Mode 4: With a high degree of communication with the network. There is a DC converter and it only applies to fast charging. For example, the CHAdeMO or COMBO DC connector.

Types of recharging electric cars.

The types of recharging of electric cars are classified according to the speed of this. In other words, they are classified according to the time it takes to recharge the battery, something that depends on the available power. There are currently five types of electric car charging.

1. Ultra-fast electric car charging : Its use is not very common, it is in an experimental state in electric vehicles tested with supercapacitors type accumulators, (for example some electric buses). The batteries can be recharged in five or ten minutes, the recharging power is very high. Lithium-ion batteries cannot withstand the high temperature caused by this type of recharging, as it seriously impairs their useful life.

2. Fast recharging of electric cars : The power demanded is very high, between 44 and 50 kW. Recharging those 22 to 24 kWh of batteries can take half an hour. The normal thing is that a 100% recharge is not made, but around 80% or 90%.

3. Semi-fast recharging of electric cars : Recharging duration ranges from one to four hours. It is carried out at a power of about 22 kW. This form of recharging is very common in Renault, its low-cost Camaleón charger, for example, which is compatible with Renault Zoe.

4. Slow charging of electric cars : This form of recharging is what we usually call normal or conventional. The batteries are usually recharged between six and eight hours and is carried out at 16 A, demanding about 3.6 kW of power.

5. Super-slow electric car charging : When the intensity of the current is limited to 10 A or less due to not having a recharging base with adequate protection and electrical installation. The complete recharging of the batteries of an average electric car, about 22 to 24 kWh in capacity, can take between ten and twelve hours.